Elisa (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) thiab CLIA (Chemiluminescent Immunoassay) yog ob qho tib si kev kuaj sim siv los kuaj xyuas qhov muaj thiab ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cov protein lossis lwm yam khoom hauv cov ntshav lossis lub cev. Ob txoj kev yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm immunoassay, qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv los kuaj thiab ntsuas ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb.
Elisa yog qhov tsim tau zoo thiab siv dav hauv cov chaw kuaj mob thiab tshawb fawb. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab pheej yig kev soj ntsuam uas siv cov enzyme-txuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los khi rau lub hom phiaj cov khoom, tsim kom pom cov xim hloov uas tuaj yeem ntsuas tau. Elisa feem ntau siv los kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam kab mob, nrog rau kev ntsuas cov tshuaj hormones, proteins, thiab lwm yam biomolecules.
CLIA, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov kev txhim kho tsis ntev los no uas siv chemiluminescence los kuaj thiab ntsuas cov hom phiaj. Hauv CLIA, lub hom phiaj cov tshuaj tau sau npe nrog cov tshuaj reactive uas ua rau lub ntsej muag ci thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog cov enzyme lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog ntsuas nrog lub photodetector. CLIA yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam zoo heev thiab tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau kev tshawb pom cov qib qis ntawm cov hom phiaj hauv cov qauv.
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov kev xeem. Ua ntej, Elisa feem ntau tsis tshua muaj siab dua CLIA, txhais tau tias nws yuav tsis pom cov qib qis ntawm cov hom phiaj hauv cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, Elisa hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab tuaj yeem siv nrog ntau yam qauv thiab cov hom phiaj, qhov CLIA yog qhov tshwj xeeb dua thiab xav tau cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Qhov thib ob, Elisa feem ntau siv nyiaj ntau dua li CLIA, ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv yooj yim dua rau ntau lub chaw kuaj mob thiab chaw kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, CLIA feem ntau nyiam rau nws qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qee yam kev siv, xws li kev kuaj mob rau cov kab mob sib kis lossis kab mob qog noj ntshav.
Hauv kev xaus, ob qho tib si Elisa thiab CLIA yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sim kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas cov protein thiab lwm yam khoom hauv cov ntshav lossis cov kua hauv lub cev. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev siv yuav nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, muaj cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj reagents, kev txiav txim siab nqi, thiab lwm yam. Ob txoj hauv kev muaj qhov muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog, thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho los ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev tshawb fawb.