Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias COVID-19 yog tus kab mob uas tsuas muaj ribonucleic acid (RNA), thiab cov kab mob RNA tshwj xeeb hauv tus kab mob no yog tus cim uas cais tus kab mob los ntawm lwm yam kab mob.
Tam sim no,rau kev tshawb nrhiav nucleic acid feem ntau siv los kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob COVID-19, txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv lub sijhawm tiag tiag fluorescent RT-PCR thiab cov noob sequencing los kuaj seb puas muaj RNA ntawm tus kabmob tshiab no hauv cov qauv xws li caj pas swabs. tus neeg kuaj. Yog tias muaj, nws txhais tau hais tias nws kis tus kab mob.
Tsis zoo li kev kuaj nucleic acid, uas lub hom phiaj kom paub meej tias tib neeg lub cev puas muaj tus kabmob tshiab no thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob yog kom paub meej tias tus neeg kuaj puas tau kis tus kabmob.
Kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog yooj yim heev, tsuav yog koj prick ib tee ntshav ntawm koj tus ntiv tes thiab smear rau ntawm daim ntawv xeem, koj tuaj yeem paub sai sai seb koj puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv nrog rau kev sim nucleic acid ntev, qhov kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sai dua.
Antibodies feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Glycoproteins uas txhawb nqa los ntawm antigens thiab tuaj yeem khi rau cov antigens sib xws thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua antibodies, tseem hu ua immunoglobulins (Ig). Lub luag haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog kom tshem tawm cov co toxins thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li peb txhua tus paub, yog pab lub cev los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib chav kawm: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, thiab IgD. Ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau hauv kev kuaj kab mob thiab kev kho mob yog IgM thiab IgG. Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxov tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev, IgM yog "pioneering quab yuam" ntawm tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob; IgG yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws hauv cov ntshav thiab cov kua hauv lub cev, thiab tseem yog "lub zog tseem ceeb" ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog kev sib raug zoo siab, kev faib tawm thoob plaws hauv lub cev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tam sim no, kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog POCT nrhiav thiab chemiluminescence nrhiav pom cov tshuaj antigen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob saib hauv cov ntshav rau ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, IgM thiab IgG, uas tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob.
Kev kuaj ntshav rau COVID-19 nrhiav cov protein tshwj xeeb rau tus kabmob tshiab no uas qhia tau tias lub cev puas ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob, tsis yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob khaub thuas raws caij nyoog.
Raws li ib txwm muaj, IgM cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tsim tawm ntxov, thiab ib zaug kis tau, lawv raug tsim tawm sai, khaws cia rau lub sijhawm luv, thiab ploj mus sai. Kev kuaj ntshav zoo tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov qhia txog kev kis mob ntxov. IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tsim tawm lig, kav ntev, thiab ploj mus qeeb, thiab kev kuaj pom zoo hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov qhia txog kev kis kab mob thiab yav dhau los.
Vim COVID-19 yog thawj zaug uas nws tau nkag mus rau tib neeg, tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ib tus neeg tshwj tsis yog tus kab mob. Kev kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke ua ke qhov zoo ntawm IgM rau kev kuaj kab mob ntxov thiab qhov zoo ntawm IgG rau kev kis kab mob yav dhau los. Yog li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab tus nqi tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob asymptomatic, suav nrog kev kuaj mob.